[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":799},["ShallowReactive",2],{"story-context:zh:madrid-plaza-mayor-room-with-many-doors":3},{"journey":4,"immersiveManifest":231},{"slug":5,"locale":6,"title":7,"dek":8,"seoTitle":9,"seoDescription":10,"chapters":11,"sources":112},"madrid-old-town","zh","马德里：时钟、市民空间与王宫天际线","通过从太阳门到王宫的五个章节探索马德里老城，沿途加入四处可选发现。","马德里老城视觉旅程 · WalkThere","从太阳门到马德里王宫，通过五章中英文故事、十九张授权照片、八处局部相连实景，探索广场、座堂、市场与城墙，阅读老城的市民生活和王室历史。",[12,36,56,76,94],{"id":13,"eyebrow":14,"title":15,"labSummary":16,"narrative":17,"travelNote":18,"coordinates":19,"elevationMeters":19,"facts":20,"art":28},"sol","第1章","太阳门：城市如何共同辨认时间","比较独立照片与带有拍摄日期的局部三百六十度短序列。","先把太阳门想成一件协调城市生活的工具。道路在这里汇集，时钟把许多人的注意力聚到同一位置，而道路起点的概念又把一个广场与更大的国家空间联系起来。马德里官方旅游资料指出，这里原本是一处城门，也是西班牙主要放射状公路的起点。今天人们把它当作中心聚会场所，名称却仍保留着进入城市的门槛记忆。中心与边界，在不同年代可以落在同一个地点。\n\n观看时先别急着寻找某一座雕像。尝试追踪广场的半圆形轮廓，再看几条街道如何从建筑之间伸出。连续的立面让视线沿边缘移动，街口又把注意力释放到别的方向。把这种开口较多的空间记在心里，下一章马约尔广场的围合感就会变得更加清楚。照片中的人群、光线和设施属于拍摄当时，不能据此推断未来到访时的热闹程度、声音或过街条件。我们可以认真读空间，却不必为画面补上一段未经记录的亲历。\n\n再把目光移向邮政大楼。官方资料把楼上的时钟与一年最后一夜的共同守时联系起来。一个建筑构件因此超出了装饰的作用，成为公众同时等待某个时刻的焦点。比较时钟在整栋楼上的比例，然后再回到人的尺度：同一个地方既帮助人辨认街道，也帮助人辨认时间。这段旅程从日常协调出发，之后才逐步进入市政、宗教与王权的空间。可选的圣希内斯发现把视线缩小到教堂门廊与周围巷道，再由编辑转场抵达马约尔广场。照片与局部三百六十度短序列分别带有拍摄日期，并不组成一次全程连续的步行记录。","局部三百六十度短序列各有拍摄日期，场所之间通过编辑转场连接。",null,[21,25],{"label":22,"value":23,"sourceId":24},"早期城门","名称保留了更早的城门位置。","sol-history",{"label":26,"value":27,"sourceId":24},"时钟与道路起点","官方资料联系了跨年守时与主要放射状公路。",{"src":29,"alt":30,"credit":31,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceId":34,"modifications":35},"\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fsol-wide.webp","阳光下太阳门广场的骑马雕像、钟楼与弧形建筑立面","Tomás Fano","CC BY-SA 2.0","https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F2.0","photo-sol-wide","缩放并转换为 WebP",{"id":37,"eyebrow":38,"title":39,"labSummary":16,"narrative":40,"travelNote":18,"coordinates":19,"elevationMeters":19,"facts":41,"art":49},"plaza-mayor","第2章","马约尔广场：共同舞台的建筑边界","来到马约尔广场，问题从街道在哪里相遇，转成了一个公共房间如何形成。先比较这里连续的建筑边缘与太阳门向外发散的街口。重复的窗洞和底层拱廊，会让不同门面读起来像一整个围合体；这种整齐是建筑组织产生的效果，却不能证明眼前所有部分都在同一年完工。越是统一的外观，越值得追问它经过哪些修建与调整。\n\n马德里官方资料记载，一六一七年，胡安·戈麦斯·德·莫拉受命统一这里的建筑。一七九〇年的严重火灾之后，胡安·德·比利亚努埃瓦主持重建，并通过封合转角、设置九处入口拱门等处理重塑广场。因此，观看时可以同时保留两个时间层次：最初建立秩序的计划，以及灾后重新组织边界的决定。尤其留心入口。一个城市房间必须让周围街道进入，又要保留里面与外面的区别；在可见的拱门处，比较暗一些的通道与明亮开阔的中央空间，会比只记住年代更容易理解这种关系。\n\n这里曾容纳节庆与公共表演，但任何一张照片都只保留广场地面某一次临时的安排。餐桌、访客和阴影不能概括全部历史。试着在想象中暂时清空中央，再思考四周窗口如何改变观看者与活动之间的关系。随后找回面包房大楼这个视觉焦点，观察它如何在重复的建筑节奏中获得特殊强调。可选的圣米格尔市场发现，把大尺度公共舞台转换成商业结构的细读；主线下一章市政广场则会让三个不同时代的建筑共同发声。这里的独立照片与有日期的局部互动影像提供比较材料，场所之间通过编辑转场连接。",[42,46],{"label":43,"value":44,"sourceId":45},"一六一七年委任","戈麦斯·德·莫拉负责统一建筑。","mayor-history",{"label":47,"value":48,"sourceId":45},"一七九〇年火灾后重建","比利亚努埃瓦重塑广场入口与围合。",{"src":50,"alt":51,"credit":52,"license":53,"licenseUrl":54,"sourceId":55,"modifications":35},"\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fplaza-mayor-wide.webp","马约尔广场与红色拱廊建筑的全景","Nemo","CC BY-SA 4.0","https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F4.0","photo-plaza-mayor-wide",{"id":57,"eyebrow":58,"title":59,"labSummary":16,"narrative":60,"travelNote":18,"coordinates":19,"elevationMeters":19,"facts":61,"art":69},"plaza-villa","第3章","市政广场：三个世纪围坐一处","市政广场适合先环顾不同方向，再决定把目光停在哪栋建筑。它的吸引力来自几个时代在同一处较小空间内并存，而且这些差异可以同时放进脑海比较。马德里官方旅游资料指出，东侧卢哈内斯宅邸与塔楼属于十五世纪哥特—穆德哈尔风格；南侧西斯内罗斯宅邸是十六世纪银匠式宫宅；西侧市政厅则是十七世纪巴洛克建筑。风格名称提供了时间坐标，但观看并不要求先背会每一种术语。\n\n可以从轮廓入手。塔楼让某个角落向上突出，较长的立面则把注意力铺向横向。接着比较开口、屋顶线与建筑面对空地的方式：不同的边缘怎样共同形成广场，而没有变成完全一样的外观？在马约尔广场，重复是强烈的第一印象；这里则鼓励视线在几种建筑声音之间来回移动。细节照片可能帮助辨认其中一处，环境照片则把它重新放回邻接关系中。两种观看尺度各有作用，不必为了连成故事而假定照片来自同一次到访。\n\n官方资料还说明，西侧市政厅曾是马德里市议会所在地。因此，在抵达王宫之前，我们先遇见的是市政权力如何面对公共空间。把这个较紧凑的尺度记下来，之后再与王宫拉开的距离和更大体量比较。广场旁的小街同样值得注意：它是街网中的节点，不是脱离城市的一组展品。可选的阿拉伯城墙发现，会把话题引向更早的防御聚落；主线则转到阿穆德纳主教座堂，看一座外观带有历史语言的建筑如何经历漫长的近现代营建。建筑年代、机构用途和眼前影像的拍摄时间，是三个需要分别理解的层次。",[62,66],{"label":63,"value":64,"sourceId":65},"十五世纪卢哈内斯建筑","东侧宅邸与塔楼属于哥特—穆德哈尔风格。","villa-history",{"label":67,"value":68,"sourceId":65},"旧市议会所在地","十七世纪市政厅曾承担市政职能。",{"src":70,"alt":71,"credit":72,"license":73,"licenseUrl":74,"sourceId":75,"modifications":35},"\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fplaza-villa-wide.webp","历史建筑与中央纪念碑围绕的市政广场","Anagoria","CC BY 3.0","https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F3.0","photo-plaza-villa-wide",{"id":77,"eyebrow":78,"title":79,"labSummary":16,"narrative":80,"travelNote":18,"coordinates":19,"elevationMeters":19,"facts":81,"art":89},"almudena","第4章","阿穆德纳：横跨漫长世纪的主教座堂","阿穆德纳提出一个很有用的问题：一座主教座堂看起来有多古老，而这种外观究竟能证明什么？马德里官方资料把奠基时间记为一八八三年，把教宗若望保禄二世主持奉献的日期记为一九九三年六月十五日。两者之间漫长的距离，正是理解这座建筑的关键。大型宗教建筑可以借用历史建筑的表达方式，却属于更晚的规划、停顿、修改与完成过程；外观带来的年代感，并不能替代资料。\n\n先从它与王宫区域的邻接关系看起。比较主教座堂较集中的垂直强调，与王宫展开的横向体量。利用独立照片，观察开口的布置、墙面转向天空的轮廓，以及建筑周围留出的观看空间。它如何在不进入室内时便建立一种仪式性的存在？这些都是可以对着画面提出的观察问题，也可与带有拍摄日期的室内历史短序列比较柱列、拱顶与座椅；历史影像不证明今天的入场安排，也不意味着几张照片具有相同视点或相同日期。把整体与细节交替观看，往往比单独凝视一个醒目的构件更有收获。\n\n官方介绍还说明，一八八五年马德里—阿尔卡拉教区成立后，原先的教堂计划转变为主教座堂计划。制度上的变化，改变了建筑的规模与抱负。这也回应市政广场的一条线索：机构用途会给建筑增添超出风格本身的意义。但在这里，还要考虑几代人之间不断改变的期待。阅读外观时，保留最初项目、后续修改与最终奉献的区别。如果先观看了阿拉伯城墙发现，相邻地面上相距很远的历史层次会更鲜明。下一处可选发现东方广场，则为王宫章节准备另一种空间比较。礼拜、博物馆和室内参观各自需要查询当下安排，室外影像不证明今天能够入内。",[82,86],{"label":83,"value":84,"sourceId":85},"一八八三年奠基","营建开始远早于最终完成。","almudena-history",{"label":87,"value":88,"sourceId":85},"一九九三年六月十五日奉献","教宗若望保禄二世主持奉献。",{"src":90,"alt":91,"credit":92,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceId":93,"modifications":35},"\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Falmudena-wide.webp","从街道望向阳光下阿穆德纳主教座堂的圆顶与立面","Christian Kadluba","photo-almudena-wide",{"id":95,"eyebrow":96,"title":97,"labSummary":16,"narrative":98,"travelNote":18,"coordinates":19,"elevationMeters":19,"facts":99,"art":107},"royal-palace","第5章","马德里王宫：重新建造权力的形象","最后，把王宫看作一次有意识的替换，而不是未经改变地留存至今的旧建筑。西班牙国家遗产机构记载，更早的阿尔卡萨尔宫在一七三四年圣诞前夜被火灾摧毁；一七六四年，卡洛斯三世成为第一位入住新王宫的君主。这两个日期之间，发生的是君主制度建筑表达方式的转变。一个地点可以继续具有政治意义，同时让承载意义的建筑外形发生深刻变化。\n\n从立面的长节奏看起。重复的开口把巨大体量拆成人眼较容易阅读的单元，而建筑整体又不会被一个局部细节完全解释。可以在广角照片与近一些的画面之间切换：当镜头收紧时，什么变得清楚，什么又从视野中消失？某处装饰可能更容易辨认，整个宫廷区域的尺度却暂时退到画外。再用环境照片把建筑与周围空地放回同一关系中。在这里，观看距离本身参与了权力形象的呈现；本旅程没有测绘一条实际步行线路，因此不把这种视觉距离转换成未经核实的路程数字。\n\n如果看过东方广场，可以把花园与雕塑形成的前景带回比较：人尚未进入室内，对王宫的期待已经受到周围空间影响。再回想旅程开头，太阳门协调道路与公共时间，马约尔广场组织共同舞台，市政广场呈现城市行政的历史，阿穆德纳展示宗教身份的漫长营建，王宫则加入了王权形象重新建造的故事。国家遗产机构也说明，建筑用于王室正式活动，因此它具有持续的制度用途。室内开放与仪式活动造成的安排变化，应另行查询。让最后的观看停在建筑与城市的关系上，同时保留每段局部影像自己的拍摄日期，不把编辑上的连接误读为连续行走的证据。",[100,104],{"label":101,"value":102,"sourceId":103},"一七三四年火灾","旧宫毁于圣诞前夜。","palace-history",{"label":105,"value":106,"sourceId":103},"一七六四年入住","卡洛斯三世是新王宫第一位入住君主。",{"src":108,"alt":109,"credit":110,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceId":111,"modifications":35},"\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Froyal-palace-wide.webp","马德里王宫与开阔的铺石前庭","Juanedc","photo-royal-palace-wide",[113,118,121,124,127,131,135,139,143,148,152,157,161,165,170,175,179,183,187,191,196,201,205,210,215,219,223,227],{"id":24,"title":114,"publisher":115,"url":116,"accessedOn":117},"Puerta del Sol","Madrid Destino · Madrid City Council","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esmadrid.com\u002Fen\u002Ftourist-information\u002Fpuerta-del-sol","2026-11-02",{"id":45,"title":119,"publisher":115,"url":120,"accessedOn":117},"Plaza Mayor","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esmadrid.com\u002Finformacion-turistica\u002Fplaza-mayor-madrid",{"id":65,"title":122,"publisher":115,"url":123,"accessedOn":117},"Plaza de la Villa","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esmadrid.com\u002Fen\u002Ftourist-information\u002Fplaza-de-la-villa",{"id":85,"title":125,"publisher":115,"url":126,"accessedOn":117},"La Almudena Cathedral","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esmadrid.com\u002Fen\u002Ftourist-information\u002Fcatedral-de-la-almudena",{"id":103,"title":128,"publisher":129,"url":130,"accessedOn":117},"Royal Palace of Madrid","Patrimonio Nacional","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.patrimonionacional.es\u002Fen\u002Fvisita\u002Froyal-palace-madrid",{"id":132,"title":133,"publisher":115,"url":134,"accessedOn":117},"san-gines-history","San Ginés Church","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esmadrid.com\u002Fen\u002Ftourist-information\u002Fchurch-san-gines",{"id":136,"title":137,"publisher":115,"url":138,"accessedOn":117},"san-miguel-history","Mercado de San Miguel","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esmadrid.com\u002Fcompras\u002Fmercado-de-san-miguel",{"id":140,"title":141,"publisher":115,"url":142,"accessedOn":117},"arab-wall-history","Arab Wall","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.esmadrid.com\u002Fen\u002Ftourist-information\u002Farab-wall",{"id":144,"title":145,"publisher":146,"url":147,"accessedOn":117},"oriente-history","Plaza de Oriente Square","Turespaña","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.spain.info\u002Fen\u002Fplaces-of-interest\u002Fplaza-oriente-madrid\u002F",{"id":34,"title":149,"publisher":150,"url":151,"accessedOn":117},"Puerta del Sol square with the equestrian statue, clock tower and curving facades in sunshine","Tomás Fano · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Puerta_del_Sol_(Madrid)_10.jpg",{"id":153,"title":154,"publisher":155,"url":156,"accessedOn":117},"photo-sol-detail","Ceramic Puerta del Sol street sign on a stone wall","Carlos Delgado · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Puerta_del_Sol_-_02.jpg",{"id":158,"title":159,"publisher":150,"url":160,"accessedOn":117},"photo-sol-context","Puerta del Sol at night with the illuminated clock tower and visitors","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Puerta_del_Sol_(Madrid)_11.jpg",{"id":55,"title":162,"publisher":163,"url":164,"accessedOn":117},"Panoramic view across Plaza Mayor to its red arcaded facades","Nemo · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid_(panor%C3%A1mica).jpg",{"id":166,"title":167,"publisher":168,"url":169,"accessedOn":117},"photo-plaza-mayor-detail","Rows of balconies and white window frames on a red Plaza Mayor facade","José Luiz · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Windows_at_Plaza_Mayor_-_Madrid_(2).JPG",{"id":171,"title":172,"publisher":173,"url":174,"accessedOn":117},"photo-plaza-mayor-context","Casa de la Panaderia and its twin towers illuminated after dark","Artem Vynohradov · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Casa_de_la_Panader%C3%ADa,_Plaza_Mayor,_Madrid,_Spain.jpg",{"id":75,"title":176,"publisher":177,"url":178,"accessedOn":117},"Plaza de la Villa with historic buildings and its central monument","Anagoria · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:2012-04-30_Plaza_de_la_Villa_Madrid_anagoria_01.JPG",{"id":180,"title":181,"publisher":177,"url":182,"accessedOn":117},"photo-plaza-villa-detail","The historic Casa de la Villa facade and tower beside the square","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:2012-04-30_Plaza_de_la_Villa_Madrid_anagoria_02.JPG",{"id":184,"title":185,"publisher":155,"url":186,"accessedOn":117},"photo-plaza-villa-context","Sunlit Plaza de la Villa and the monument framed by brick buildings","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Plaza_de_la_Villa_-_08.jpg",{"id":93,"title":188,"publisher":189,"url":190,"accessedOn":117},"Almudena Cathedral dome and facade viewed from the street in sunshine","Christian Kadluba · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Catedral_de_la_Almudena_(Madrid)_15.jpg",{"id":192,"title":193,"publisher":194,"url":195,"accessedOn":117},"photo-almudena-detail","Arched entrances and stone ornament on the side of Almudena Cathedral","Luis García (Zaqarbal) · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Catedral_de_la_Almudena_(Madrid)_14.jpg",{"id":197,"title":198,"publisher":199,"url":200,"accessedOn":117},"photo-almudena-context","Almudena Cathedral illuminated at night above the sloping street","Gerda Arendt · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Almudena_Cathedral,_Madrid,_facade.jpg",{"id":111,"title":202,"publisher":203,"url":204,"accessedOn":117},"Royal Palace of Madrid and its broad paved forecourt","Juanedc · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Palacio_Real_(Madrid)_16.jpg",{"id":206,"title":207,"publisher":208,"url":209,"accessedOn":117},"photo-royal-palace-detail","Columns, balconies and carved decoration on the Royal Palace east facade","Javier Perez Montes · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Fachada_Este_-_Palacio_Real_-_Madrid_02.jpg",{"id":211,"title":212,"publisher":213,"url":214,"accessedOn":117},"photo-royal-palace-context","Elevated view of the Royal Palace surrounded by gardens and Madrid rooftops","Tim Adams · Wikimedia Commons","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Palacio_Real_de_Madrid_Julio_2016.jpg",{"id":216,"title":217,"publisher":194,"url":218,"accessedOn":117},"photo-san-gines-preview","San Gines church facade at the end of its small entrance courtyard","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Iglesia_de_San_Gin%C3%A9s_(Madrid)_09.jpg",{"id":220,"title":221,"publisher":194,"url":222,"accessedOn":117},"photo-san-miguel-preview","Iron columns and glass walls along the exterior of Mercado de San Miguel","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Mercado_de_San_Miguel_(Madrid)_02.jpg",{"id":224,"title":225,"publisher":194,"url":226,"accessedOn":117},"photo-arab-wall-preview","Surviving stone sections of Madrid Arab wall beside a planted slope","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Muralla_%C3%A1rabe_de_Madrid_04.jpg",{"id":228,"title":229,"publisher":194,"url":230,"accessedOn":117},"photo-plaza-oriente-preview","Royal Theatre and the equestrian monument in Plaza de Oriente after dark","https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Plaza_de_Oriente_(Madrid)_32a.jpg",{"destinationId":5,"journeyType":232,"continuousWalkReady":233,"transportAssisted":233,"routeSegments":234,"mapLegend":235,"chapters":238,"routeExplorations":673},"guided-visual-journey",false,[],{"en":236,"zh":237},"Five chapters and four discoveries. Dated local 360° fragments are independent of the chapter transitions and connections between sites.","五章与四处发现；注明日期的局部 360° 与章节转场、各地点之间的连接分开理解。",[239,353,427,519,597],{"chapterId":13,"visualMode":240,"transitionFromPrevious":241,"position":242,"references":245,"editorialPhoto":279,"observation":287,"routeExplorationCopy":288,"explorations":292},"editorial-photo","entry",{"lat":243,"lng":244},40.41683850734706,-3.7034787275109533,[246],{"provider":247,"lookup":248,"position":242,"sequenceAnchors":252,"expectedImageDate":265,"initialPov":266,"projection":270,"match":271,"reviewedAt":117,"movementCapability":272,"capabilities":273,"attribution":275},"google",{"anchor":242,"auditSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeMaxDistanceMeters":250,"source":251},30,8,"GOOGLE",[242,253,256,259,262],{"lat":254,"lng":255},40.41674893500376,-3.7034532546821453,{"lat":257,"lng":258},40.41672730040643,-3.703590839080055,{"lat":260,"lng":261},40.41679399296529,-3.7039046443985586,{"lat":263,"lng":264},40.41688064329761,-3.7039462220071386,"2025-05",{"heading":267,"pitch":268,"zoom":269},180,5,0,"spherical","nearby","short-sequence",{"lookAround":274,"sequenceNavigation":274,"spatialNavigation":274,"showsCaptureDate":233},true,{"label":276,"url":277,"license":278},"Google Maps","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fmaps\u002F@?api=1&map_action=pano&viewpoint=40.41683850734706,-3.7034787275109533","Google Maps\u002FGoogle Earth Additional Terms of Service",{"file":280,"src":29,"credit":31,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceUrl":151,"capturedOn":281,"alt":149,"zhAlt":30,"sourceId":34,"objectPosition":282,"modifications":283,"copy":284},"Puerta del Sol (Madrid) 10.jpg","2009-10-23","center 60%","Resized and converted to WebP for web display",{"zh":285},{"alt":30,"modifications":286},"缩放并转换为网页使用的 WebP","2025-05 · 5 connected local positions and return. Puerta del Sol square facing the clock-fronted Real Casa de Correos; pedestrians cross the foreground.",{"en":289,"zh":290},{"note":287},{"note":291},"2025-05 · 5 个相连局部位置与返回。太阳门广场面向带钟楼的邮政大楼，前景有行人。",[293,303],{"id":294,"kind":295,"copy":296},"sol-look-around","look-around",{"en":297,"zh":300},{"title":298,"description":287,"contextLabel":299},"Look around and compare local positions","Optional 360° · local positions",{"title":301,"description":291,"contextLabel":302},"转身环视，比较局部位置","可选 360° · 局部位置",{"id":304,"kind":305,"presentation":306,"copy":307,"media":316},"madrid-photo-set-1","photo-set","details",{"en":308,"zh":312},{"title":309,"description":310,"contextLabel":311},"Three photographs at different scales","Compare independently captured photographs and viewpoints, each with its own date.","3 credited photographs · switch left or right",{"title":313,"description":314,"contextLabel":315},"三张照片，不同观看尺度","比较独立拍摄的照片与机位，并留意各自的拍摄日期。","3 张署名照片 · 左右切换",[317,330,344],{"id":318,"src":29,"role":319,"capturedOn":281,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":31,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceUrl":151,"modifications":283,"copy":321},"sol-wide-still","environment","contextual",{"en":322,"zh":326},{"alt":149,"caption":323,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Puerta del Sol square with the equestrian statue, clock tower and curving facades in sunshine. Photographed 2009-10-23.","Independent viewpoint, not a successive walking frame or interactive camera position.","The photograph records its own date; current access and arrangements may differ.",{"alt":30,"caption":327,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"阳光下太阳门广场的骑马雕像、钟楼与弧形建筑立面，摄于 2009-10-23。","独立照片机位，不是连续步行帧或互动相机位置。","照片保留各自日期；当前通行与布置可能不同。",{"id":331,"src":332,"role":333,"capturedOn":334,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":335,"license":336,"licenseUrl":337,"sourceUrl":156,"modifications":283,"copy":338},"sol-detail-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fsol-detail.webp","detail","2012-04-27","Carlos Delgado","CC BY-SA 3.0","https:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F3.0",{"en":339,"zh":341},{"alt":154,"caption":340,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Ceramic Puerta del Sol street sign on a stone wall. Photographed 2012-04-27.",{"alt":342,"caption":343,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"石墙上的太阳门广场陶瓷街名牌","石墙上的太阳门广场陶瓷街名牌，摄于 2012-04-27。",{"id":345,"src":346,"role":333,"capturedOn":281,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":31,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceUrl":160,"modifications":283,"copy":347},"sol-context-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fsol-context.webp",{"en":348,"zh":350},{"alt":159,"caption":349,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Puerta del Sol at night with the illuminated clock tower and visitors. Photographed 2009-10-23.",{"alt":351,"caption":352,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"夜晚太阳门广场的明亮钟楼与游客","夜晚太阳门广场的明亮钟楼与游客，摄于 2009-10-23。",{"chapterId":37,"visualMode":240,"transitionFromPrevious":354,"position":355,"references":358,"editorialPhoto":375,"observation":381,"routeExplorationCopy":382,"explorations":386},"editorial-jump",{"lat":356,"lng":357},40.41533360469102,-3.707365380987879,[359],{"provider":247,"lookup":360,"position":355,"sequenceAnchors":361,"expectedImageDate":265,"initialPov":371,"projection":270,"match":271,"reviewedAt":117,"movementCapability":272,"capabilities":372,"attribution":373},{"anchor":355,"auditSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeMaxDistanceMeters":250,"source":251},[355,362,365,368],{"lat":363,"lng":364},40.41531872739925,-3.707473629606947,{"lat":366,"lng":367},40.4153906542589,-3.707487567214201,{"lat":369,"lng":370},40.41562575716011,-3.707597751877708,{"heading":269,"pitch":268,"zoom":269},{"lookAround":274,"sequenceNavigation":274,"spatialNavigation":274,"showsCaptureDate":233},{"label":276,"url":374,"license":278},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fmaps\u002F@?api=1&map_action=pano&viewpoint=40.41533360469102,-3.707365380987879",{"file":376,"src":50,"credit":52,"license":53,"licenseUrl":54,"sourceUrl":164,"capturedOn":377,"alt":162,"zhAlt":51,"sourceId":55,"objectPosition":378,"modifications":283,"copy":379},"Plaza Mayor de Madrid (panorámica).jpg","2020-02-27","center 50%",{"zh":380},{"alt":51,"modifications":286},"2025-05 · 4 connected local positions and return. Plaza Mayor square, equestrian statue and arcaded facades; this is a short local sequence.",{"en":383,"zh":384},{"note":381},{"note":385},"2025-05 · 4 个相连局部位置与返回。主广场的骑马雕像与拱廊立面，仅为广场内的一小段影像。",[387,392],{"id":388,"kind":295,"copy":389},"plaza-mayor-look-around",{"en":390,"zh":391},{"title":298,"description":381,"contextLabel":299},{"title":301,"description":385,"contextLabel":302},{"id":393,"kind":305,"presentation":306,"copy":394,"media":397},"madrid-photo-set-2",{"en":395,"zh":396},{"title":309,"description":310,"contextLabel":311},{"title":313,"description":314,"contextLabel":315},[398,405,416],{"id":399,"src":50,"role":319,"capturedOn":377,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":52,"license":53,"licenseUrl":54,"sourceUrl":164,"modifications":283,"copy":400},"plaza-mayor-wide-still",{"en":401,"zh":403},{"alt":162,"caption":402,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Panoramic view across Plaza Mayor to its red arcaded facades. Photographed 2020-02-27.",{"alt":51,"caption":404,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"马约尔广场与红色拱廊建筑的全景，摄于 2020-02-27。",{"id":406,"src":407,"role":333,"capturedOn":408,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":409,"license":336,"licenseUrl":337,"sourceUrl":169,"modifications":283,"copy":410},"plaza-mayor-detail-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fplaza-mayor-detail.webp","2013-01-30","José Luiz",{"en":411,"zh":413},{"alt":167,"caption":412,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Rows of balconies and white window frames on a red Plaza Mayor facade. Photographed 2013-01-30.",{"alt":414,"caption":415,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"马约尔广场红色立面上的阳台与白色窗框","马约尔广场红色立面上的阳台与白色窗框，摄于 2013-01-30。",{"id":417,"src":418,"role":333,"capturedOn":419,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":420,"license":53,"licenseUrl":54,"sourceUrl":174,"modifications":283,"copy":421},"plaza-mayor-context-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fplaza-mayor-context.webp","2022-09-27","Artem Vynohradov",{"en":422,"zh":424},{"alt":172,"caption":423,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Casa de la Panaderia and its twin towers illuminated after dark. Photographed 2022-09-27.",{"alt":425,"caption":426,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"夜色中亮灯的面包房之家及其双塔","夜色中亮灯的面包房之家及其双塔，摄于 2022-09-27。",{"chapterId":57,"visualMode":240,"transitionFromPrevious":354,"position":428,"references":431,"editorialPhoto":452,"observation":457,"routeExplorationCopy":458,"explorations":462},{"lat":429,"lng":430},40.41541764368545,-3.710604577141274,[432],{"provider":247,"lookup":433,"position":428,"sequenceAnchors":434,"expectedImageDate":265,"initialPov":447,"projection":270,"match":271,"reviewedAt":117,"movementCapability":272,"capabilities":449,"attribution":450},{"anchor":428,"auditSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeMaxDistanceMeters":250,"source":251},[428,435,438,441,444],{"lat":436,"lng":437},40.41533138634179,-3.71058955457344,{"lat":439,"lng":440},40.41522668467931,-3.7105660914995977,{"lat":442,"lng":443},40.41513584135933,-3.7105536243261716,{"lat":445,"lng":446},40.415042332945944,-3.710534652546409,{"heading":448,"pitch":268,"zoom":269},200,{"lookAround":274,"sequenceNavigation":274,"spatialNavigation":274,"showsCaptureDate":233},{"label":276,"url":451,"license":278},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fmaps\u002F@?api=1&map_action=pano&viewpoint=40.41541764368545,-3.710604577141274",{"file":453,"src":70,"credit":72,"license":73,"licenseUrl":74,"sourceUrl":178,"capturedOn":454,"alt":176,"zhAlt":71,"sourceId":75,"objectPosition":378,"modifications":283,"copy":455},"2012-04-30 Plaza de la Villa Madrid anagoria 01.JPG","2012-04-30",{"zh":456},{"alt":71,"modifications":286},"2025-05 · 5 connected local positions and return. A close exterior approach beside the historic buildings of Plaza de la Villa.",{"en":459,"zh":460},{"note":457},{"note":461},"2025-05 · 5 个相连局部位置与返回。市政广场历史建筑旁的近距离外部观察。",[463,468],{"id":464,"kind":295,"copy":465},"plaza-villa-look-around",{"en":466,"zh":467},{"title":298,"description":457,"contextLabel":299},{"title":301,"description":461,"contextLabel":302},{"id":469,"kind":305,"presentation":306,"copy":470,"media":479},"madrid-photo-set-3",{"en":471,"zh":475},{"title":472,"description":473,"contextLabel":474},"Three views of the square, then the Arab Wall","Before Almudena, pause at the surviving evidence of a much earlier Madrid. The city’s official tourism account places the first wall in the ninth-century emirate and identifies representative remains in Emir Mohamed I Park near Cuesta de la Vega. This is a useful correction to the impression that the city’s story begins with its royal façades. Compare the low surviving fabric with the much taller skyline around the cathedral precinct. A fragment asks for a different kind of attention from a complete-looking monument: notice edges, gaps and the relation to the ground rather than supplying imaginary missing towers. The preview illustrates a surviving portion, not the whole fortified perimeter. Today’s park arrangements need separate checking. Carry this distinction between archaeological survival and later monumental construction into the next chapter, where Almudena’s long modern building history complicates another first impression.","4 credited photographs · wall discovery included",{"title":476,"description":477,"contextLabel":478},"三张广场照片，再看阿拉伯城墙","在主教座堂之前，先停下来看看更早的马德里留下的实物证据。城市官方旅游资料把第一道城墙放在九世纪的埃米尔统治时期，并指出穆罕默德一世公园、贝加坡附近保存着代表性的遗存。这有助于修正一种容易形成的印象：城市历史并不是从王宫立面才开始。比较低矮的遗存与座堂区域较高的天际线。片段与看似完整的纪念建筑要求不同的注意力，可以看断面、缺口以及它与地面的关系，不必为画面补上想象中的塔楼。预览代表一部分保存下来的结构，不能展示整个防御周界；今天公园的开放安排也需要单独查询。把考古遗存与后来纪念性建筑之间的区别带到下一章，阿穆德纳漫长的近现代营建史将再次改变第一眼带来的年代感。同一片地面可以同时承载相距很远的时间，却不会因此让所有构件属于同一时期。","4 张署名照片 · 含城墙发现",[480,487,496,506],{"id":481,"src":70,"role":319,"capturedOn":454,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":72,"license":73,"licenseUrl":74,"sourceUrl":178,"modifications":283,"copy":482},"plaza-villa-wide-still",{"en":483,"zh":485},{"alt":176,"caption":484,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Plaza de la Villa with historic buildings and its central monument. Photographed 2012-04-30.",{"alt":71,"caption":486,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"历史建筑与中央纪念碑围绕的市政广场，摄于 2012-04-30。",{"id":488,"src":489,"role":333,"capturedOn":454,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":72,"license":73,"licenseUrl":74,"sourceUrl":182,"modifications":283,"copy":490},"plaza-villa-detail-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fplaza-villa-detail.webp",{"en":491,"zh":493},{"alt":181,"caption":492,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"The historic Casa de la Villa facade and tower beside the square. Photographed 2012-04-30.",{"alt":494,"caption":495,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"市政广场旁旧市政厅的立面与塔楼","市政广场旁旧市政厅的立面与塔楼，摄于 2012-04-30。",{"id":497,"src":498,"role":333,"capturedOn":499,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":335,"license":336,"licenseUrl":337,"sourceUrl":186,"modifications":283,"copy":500},"plaza-villa-context-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fplaza-villa-context.webp","2012-08-26",{"en":501,"zh":503},{"alt":185,"caption":502,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Sunlit Plaza de la Villa and the monument framed by brick buildings. Photographed 2012-08-26.",{"alt":504,"caption":505,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"砖建筑围绕的阳光下市政广场与纪念碑","砖建筑围绕的阳光下市政广场与纪念碑，摄于 2012-08-26。",{"id":507,"src":508,"role":319,"capturedOn":509,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":510,"license":336,"licenseUrl":337,"sourceUrl":226,"modifications":283,"copy":511},"arab-wall-discovery-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Farab-wall-preview.webp","2011-04-01","Luis García (Zaqarbal)",{"en":512,"zh":515},{"alt":225,"caption":473,"locationNote":513,"caveat":514},"Separate location near Cuesta de la Vega; not part of a continuous walking sequence.","No reliable interactive view of the wall was retained.",{"alt":516,"caption":477,"locationNote":517,"caveat":518,"modifications":286},"绿植坡地旁马德里阿拉伯城墙的石砌遗迹","这是靠近韦加坡道的独立地点，并非连续步行帧。","未保留无法可靠看清城墙的互动场景。",{"chapterId":77,"visualMode":240,"transitionFromPrevious":354,"position":520,"references":523,"editorialPhoto":545,"observation":550,"routeExplorationCopy":551,"explorations":555},{"lat":521,"lng":522},40.41577812474514,-3.7145485425036973,[524],{"provider":247,"lookup":525,"position":520,"sequenceAnchors":526,"expectedImageDate":539,"initialPov":540,"projection":270,"match":271,"reviewedAt":117,"movementCapability":272,"capabilities":542,"attribution":543},{"anchor":520,"auditSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeMaxDistanceMeters":250,"source":251},[520,527,530,533,536],{"lat":528,"lng":529},40.41577016191704,-3.714440820855333,{"lat":531,"lng":532},40.41574307444901,-3.7144428343419857,{"lat":534,"lng":535},40.41571546452814,-3.7144151101866325,{"lat":537,"lng":538},40.41571308939017,-3.7143801839678265,"2015-07",{"heading":541,"pitch":268,"zoom":269},270,{"lookAround":274,"sequenceNavigation":274,"spatialNavigation":274,"showsCaptureDate":233},{"label":276,"url":544,"license":278},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fmaps\u002F@?api=1&map_action=pano&viewpoint=40.41577812474514,-3.7145485425036973",{"file":546,"src":90,"credit":92,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceUrl":190,"capturedOn":547,"alt":188,"zhAlt":91,"sourceId":93,"objectPosition":378,"modifications":283,"copy":548},"Catedral de la Almudena (Madrid) 15.jpg","2009-03-07",{"zh":549},{"alt":91,"modifications":286},"2015-07 · 5 connected local positions and return. Historical 2015 cathedral interior with nave columns, vaults and pews; not a current exterior walk.",{"en":552,"zh":553},{"note":550},{"note":554},"2015-07 · 5 个相连局部位置与返回。2015年大教堂内部历史影像，可看中殿立柱、拱顶与座椅。",[556,561],{"id":557,"kind":295,"copy":558},"almudena-look-around",{"en":559,"zh":560},{"title":298,"description":550,"contextLabel":299},{"title":301,"description":554,"contextLabel":302},{"id":562,"kind":305,"presentation":306,"copy":563,"media":566},"madrid-photo-set-4",{"en":564,"zh":565},{"title":309,"description":310,"contextLabel":311},{"title":313,"description":314,"contextLabel":315},[567,574,584],{"id":568,"src":90,"role":319,"capturedOn":547,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":92,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceUrl":190,"modifications":283,"copy":569},"almudena-wide-still",{"en":570,"zh":572},{"alt":188,"caption":571,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Almudena Cathedral dome and facade viewed from the street in sunshine. Photographed 2009-03-07.",{"alt":91,"caption":573,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"从街道望向阳光下阿穆德纳主教座堂的圆顶与立面，摄于 2009-03-07。",{"id":575,"src":576,"role":333,"capturedOn":577,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":510,"license":336,"licenseUrl":337,"sourceUrl":195,"modifications":283,"copy":578},"almudena-detail-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Falmudena-detail.webp","2009-01-10",{"en":579,"zh":581},{"alt":193,"caption":580,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Arched entrances and stone ornament on the side of Almudena Cathedral. Photographed 2009-01-10.",{"alt":582,"caption":583,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"阿穆德纳主教座堂侧面的拱形入口与石雕装饰","阿穆德纳主教座堂侧面的拱形入口与石雕装饰，摄于 2009-01-10。",{"id":585,"src":586,"role":333,"capturedOn":587,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":588,"license":589,"licenseUrl":590,"sourceUrl":200,"modifications":283,"copy":591},"almudena-context-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Falmudena-context.webp","2023-11-01","Gerda Arendt","CC0","http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Fpublicdomain\u002Fzero\u002F1.0\u002Fdeed.en",{"en":592,"zh":594},{"alt":198,"caption":593,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Almudena Cathedral illuminated at night above the sloping street. Photographed 2023-11-01.",{"alt":595,"caption":596,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"夜晚斜坡街道上方亮灯的阿穆德纳主教座堂","夜晚斜坡街道上方亮灯的阿穆德纳主教座堂，摄于 2023-11-01。",{"chapterId":95,"visualMode":240,"transitionFromPrevious":354,"position":598,"references":601,"editorialPhoto":622,"observation":627,"routeExplorationCopy":628,"explorations":632},{"lat":599,"lng":600},40.418008896325595,-3.7129288698540717,[602],{"provider":247,"lookup":603,"position":598,"sequenceAnchors":604,"expectedImageDate":617,"initialPov":618,"projection":270,"match":271,"reviewedAt":117,"movementCapability":272,"capabilities":619,"attribution":620},{"anchor":598,"auditSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeMaxDistanceMeters":250,"source":251},[598,605,608,611,614],{"lat":606,"lng":607},40.41800817672003,-3.7129586066237326,{"lat":609,"lng":610},40.41813018902999,-3.713040227951004,{"lat":612,"lng":613},40.41811961631279,-3.7128321480338977,{"lat":615,"lng":616},40.4180929305709,-3.7128337742599347,"2015-05",{"heading":541,"pitch":268,"zoom":269},{"lookAround":274,"sequenceNavigation":274,"spatialNavigation":274,"showsCaptureDate":233},{"label":276,"url":621,"license":278},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fmaps\u002F@?api=1&map_action=pano&viewpoint=40.418008896325595,-3.7129288698540717",{"file":623,"src":108,"credit":110,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceUrl":204,"capturedOn":624,"alt":202,"zhAlt":109,"sourceId":111,"objectPosition":378,"modifications":283,"copy":625},"Palacio Real (Madrid) 16.jpg","2010-06-29",{"zh":626},{"alt":109,"modifications":286},"2015-05 · 5 connected local positions and return. Royal Palace exterior from the Plaza de Oriente forecourt; shares viewpoints with the Plaza de Oriente scene. No palace rooms.",{"en":629,"zh":630},{"note":627},{"note":631},"2015-05 · 5 个相连局部位置与返回。从东方广场前庭看王宫外观，与东方广场场景共用观察点，不含王宫室内。",[633,638],{"id":634,"kind":295,"copy":635},"royal-palace-look-around",{"en":636,"zh":637},{"title":298,"description":627,"contextLabel":299},{"title":301,"description":631,"contextLabel":302},{"id":639,"kind":305,"presentation":306,"copy":640,"media":643},"madrid-photo-set-5",{"en":641,"zh":642},{"title":309,"description":310,"contextLabel":311},{"title":313,"description":314,"contextLabel":315},[644,651,662],{"id":645,"src":108,"role":319,"capturedOn":624,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":110,"license":32,"licenseUrl":33,"sourceUrl":204,"modifications":283,"copy":646},"royal-palace-wide-still",{"en":647,"zh":649},{"alt":202,"caption":648,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Royal Palace of Madrid and its broad paved forecourt. Photographed 2010-06-29.",{"alt":109,"caption":650,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"马德里王宫与开阔的铺石前庭，摄于 2010-06-29。",{"id":652,"src":653,"role":333,"capturedOn":654,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":655,"license":53,"licenseUrl":54,"sourceUrl":209,"modifications":283,"copy":656},"royal-palace-detail-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Froyal-palace-detail.webp","2024-09-29","Javier Perez Montes",{"en":657,"zh":659},{"alt":207,"caption":658,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Columns, balconies and carved decoration on the Royal Palace east facade. Photographed 2024-09-29.",{"alt":660,"caption":661,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"王宫东立面的立柱、阳台与雕刻装饰","王宫东立面的立柱、阳台与雕刻装饰，摄于 2024-09-29。",{"id":663,"src":664,"role":333,"capturedOn":665,"locationMatch":320,"reviewedAt":117,"credit":666,"license":73,"licenseUrl":74,"sourceUrl":214,"modifications":283,"copy":667},"royal-palace-context-still","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Froyal-palace-context.webp","2016-07-23","Tim Adams",{"en":668,"zh":670},{"alt":212,"caption":669,"locationNote":324,"caveat":325},"Elevated view of the Royal Palace surrounded by gardens and Madrid rooftops. Photographed 2016-07-23.",{"alt":671,"caption":672,"locationNote":328,"caveat":329,"modifications":286},"高处俯瞰王宫、周边花园与马德里屋顶","高处俯瞰王宫、周边花园与马德里屋顶，摄于 2016-07-23。",[674,713,755,768],{"id":675,"routeOrder":676,"routeRelation":677,"position":678,"references":681,"editorialPhoto":699,"copy":706},"san-gines",0.5,"along-route",{"lat":679,"lng":680},40.417110050997636,-3.7066805860737992,[682],{"provider":247,"lookup":683,"position":678,"sequenceAnchors":684,"expectedImageDate":265,"initialPov":694,"projection":270,"match":271,"reviewedAt":117,"movementCapability":272,"capabilities":696,"attribution":697},{"anchor":678,"auditSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeMaxDistanceMeters":250,"source":251},[678,685,688,691],{"lat":686,"lng":687},40.41724618543412,-3.706755460869541,{"lat":689,"lng":690},40.41727256631103,-3.706862933882605,{"lat":692,"lng":693},40.41730062795745,-3.7069639804033856,{"heading":695,"pitch":268,"zoom":269},160,{"lookAround":274,"sequenceNavigation":274,"spatialNavigation":274,"showsCaptureDate":233},{"label":276,"url":698,"license":278},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fmaps\u002F@?api=1&map_action=pano&viewpoint=40.417110050997636,-3.7066805860737992",{"file":700,"src":701,"credit":510,"license":336,"licenseUrl":337,"sourceUrl":218,"capturedOn":702,"alt":217,"zhAlt":703,"sourceId":216,"objectPosition":378,"modifications":283,"copy":704},"Iglesia de San Ginés (Madrid) 09.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fsan-gines-preview.webp","2011-02-04","小入口庭院尽头的圣希内斯教堂立面",{"zh":705},{"alt":703,"modifications":286},{"en":707,"zh":710},{"title":708,"note":709},"San Ginés: church, portico and passage","2025-05 · 4 connected local positions and return. San Gines church exterior and adjoining pedestrian passage; only part of the facade is visible at some positions. Between Sol and Plaza Mayor, San Ginés changes the scale from a public square to a church threshold and its surrounding passages. Madrid’s official tourism account places the church on Calle Arenal and dates its construction to 1645. The preview shows the church portico, rather than the nearby chocolatería that shares the San Ginés name. Read the entrance as a small spatial sequence: an outer edge, a sheltered interval and a doorway beyond. Compare the opening with the mass of wall around it, then consider how a religious building participates in the everyday street without becoming another shopfront. A neighbourhood can hold several identities under one familiar name. Keep the church, passage and chocolate business distinct as you explore. The church preview invites architectural observation, while worship and interior visits require separate current information. Return to Plaza Mayor for a much larger form of enclosure.",{"title":711,"note":712},"圣希内斯：教堂、门廊与巷道","2025-05 · 4 个相连局部位置与返回。圣希内斯教堂外墙及旁边的步行小巷，部分位置仅能看到局部立面。 在太阳门与马约尔广场之间，圣希内斯把尺度从公共广场转到教堂入口及周围巷道。马德里官方旅游资料把教堂放在阿雷纳尔街，并将建造时间记为一六四五年。预览展示的是教堂门廊，不是附近同样使用圣希内斯名称的巧克力店。可以把入口读成一个小小的空间序列：外侧边界、受到遮蔽的过渡，再到里面的门口。比较开口与周围墙面的比例，思考宗教建筑如何参与日常街道，却拥有不同于商店门面的进入方式。同一个熟悉地名之下，可以并存好几种地方身份；探索时把教堂、巷道与巧克力店分别辨认，会比把它们混成一个景点更有意思。教堂照片提供建筑观察的起点，不能说明今天礼拜或内部参观的安排。回到马约尔广场时，再比较两种围合：一个把观看缩到门槛附近，另一个把视线展开到大规模的公共房间。",{"id":714,"routeOrder":715,"routeRelation":677,"position":716,"references":719,"editorialPhoto":740,"copy":748},"san-miguel",1.5,{"lat":717,"lng":718},40.4155243319401,-3.7090107385116244,[720],{"provider":247,"lookup":721,"position":716,"sequenceAnchors":722,"expectedImageDate":735,"initialPov":736,"projection":270,"match":271,"reviewedAt":117,"movementCapability":272,"capabilities":737,"attribution":738},{"anchor":716,"auditSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeMaxDistanceMeters":250,"source":251},[716,723,726,729,732],{"lat":724,"lng":725},40.415499617598265,-3.7091230171983294,{"lat":727,"lng":728},40.41547125920889,-3.709230262934974,{"lat":730,"lng":731},40.41543908505005,-3.709357254570253,{"lat":733,"lng":734},40.41535967096837,-3.7093710378278715,"2022-04",{"heading":267,"pitch":268,"zoom":269},{"lookAround":274,"sequenceNavigation":274,"spatialNavigation":274,"showsCaptureDate":233},{"label":276,"url":739,"license":278},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fmaps\u002F@?api=1&map_action=pano&viewpoint=40.4155243319401,-3.7090107385116244",{"file":741,"src":742,"credit":510,"license":336,"licenseUrl":743,"sourceUrl":222,"capturedOn":744,"alt":221,"zhAlt":745,"sourceId":220,"objectPosition":378,"modifications":283,"copy":746},"Mercado de San Miguel (Madrid) 02.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fsan-miguel-preview.webp","http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby-sa\u002F3.0\u002F","2006-03-21","圣米格尔市场外侧的铁柱与玻璃墙",{"zh":747},{"alt":745,"modifications":286},{"en":749,"zh":752},{"title":750,"note":751},"San Miguel: a market framed in iron","2022-04 · 5 connected local positions and return. San Miguel Market glass and iron exterior along its surrounding streets; no market interior. After Plaza Mayor, turn toward a different way of enclosing public life. Madrid’s official tourism account dates San Miguel’s opening as a food market to May 1916 and its transformation into a gastronomic market to May 2009. Those two moments distinguish the building’s early commercial role from its later presentation of food culture. In the preview, compare structural repetition with the masonry enclosure of Plaza Mayor. Where visible, follow a support upward and ask how a market edge can suggest shelter while allowing the surrounding street to remain visually present. An exterior frame cannot tell you which stalls operate today or how the interior feels at a particular hour. Use this discovery to think about a building that survives while its commercial model changes, before continuing the main sequence toward the older civic setting of Plaza de la Villa.",{"title":753,"note":754},"圣米格尔：铁构架中的市场","2022-04 · 5 个相连局部位置与返回。沿周边街道看圣米格尔市场玻璃与铁结构外观，不含市场内部。 离开马约尔广场之后，圣米格尔市场让我们比较另一种容纳公共活动的方式。马德里官方旅游资料记载，市场在一九一六年五月作为食品市场开业，又在二〇〇九年五月转变为美食市场。这两个时间点区分了建筑早期的商业职能与后来展示饮食文化的经营形式。预览中可以比较构架的重复，与马约尔广场砖石边界带来的围合感。画面允许时，沿一根支撑向上看，思考市场边缘如何一面提供遮蔽，一面保留与街道的视觉联系。外观照片无法说明今天有哪些摊位营业，也不能替代某个时刻的内部感受。这个发现讨论的是建筑延续与商业模式变化之间的关系，然后再回到市政广场较早的行政历史。不要急着把市场当成一张菜单，先把它当成安排交易、观看与相遇的一副空间骨架。",{"id":756,"routeOrder":757,"routeRelation":677,"references":758,"editorialPhoto":759,"copy":763},"arab-wall",2.5,[],{"file":760,"src":508,"credit":510,"license":336,"licenseUrl":337,"sourceUrl":226,"capturedOn":509,"alt":225,"zhAlt":516,"sourceId":224,"objectPosition":378,"modifications":283,"copy":761},"Muralla árabe de Madrid 04.jpg",{"zh":762},{"alt":516,"modifications":286},{"en":764,"zh":766},{"title":765,"note":473},"Arab Wall: before the royal skyline",{"title":767,"note":477},"阿拉伯城墙：王宫轮廓之前",{"id":769,"routeOrder":770,"routeRelation":677,"position":771,"references":772,"editorialPhoto":785,"copy":792},"plaza-oriente",3.5,{"lat":615,"lng":616},[773],{"provider":247,"lookup":774,"position":771,"sequenceAnchors":775,"expectedImageDate":617,"initialPov":780,"projection":270,"match":271,"reviewedAt":117,"movementCapability":272,"capabilities":782,"attribution":783},{"anchor":771,"auditSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeSearchRadiusMeters":249,"runtimeMaxDistanceMeters":250,"source":251},[771,776,777,778,779],{"lat":612,"lng":613},{"lat":609,"lng":610},{"lat":606,"lng":607},{"lat":599,"lng":600},{"heading":781,"pitch":268,"zoom":269},90,{"lookAround":274,"sequenceNavigation":274,"spatialNavigation":274,"showsCaptureDate":233},{"label":276,"url":784,"license":278},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.google.com\u002Fmaps\u002F@?api=1&map_action=pano&viewpoint=40.4180929305709,-3.7128337742599347",{"file":786,"src":787,"credit":510,"license":53,"licenseUrl":54,"sourceUrl":230,"capturedOn":788,"alt":229,"zhAlt":789,"sourceId":228,"objectPosition":378,"modifications":283,"copy":790},"Plaza de Oriente (Madrid) 32a.jpg","\u002Fimages\u002Fjourneys\u002Fmadrid-old-town\u002Fplaza-oriente-preview.webp","2018-03-03","夜晚东方广场的皇家剧院与骑马纪念碑",{"zh":791},{"alt":789,"modifications":286},{"en":793,"zh":796},{"title":794,"note":795},"Plaza de Oriente: preparing the palace view","2015-05 · 5 connected local positions and return. Plaza de Oriente forecourt facing its clipped gardens; shares positions with the Royal Palace scene. Between Almudena and the palace finale, Plaza de Oriente provides a chance to study the space that frames a monument. Spain’s national tourism agency attributes its final design to Narciso Pascual y Colomer and dates the square’s opening to 1844. The gardens and sculpture give the approach its own visual subjects; they need not disappear into a photograph labelled simply “palace”. Compare the low organisation of planting with the elevated emphasis of an equestrian monument wherever the preview makes them visible. Ask how foreground elements break a large architectural view into stages. The date of a square’s design does not establish the age of every statue or garden feature in a later photograph. Use this pause to slow your reading before the final chapter, then let the Royal Palace take its place within a deliberately composed urban setting.",{"title":797,"note":798},"东方广场：王宫之前的观看","2015-05 · 5 个相连局部位置与返回。东方广场前庭面向修剪整齐的花园，与王宫场景共用观察点。 在阿穆德纳与王宫终章之间，东方广场让我们把注意力放到为纪念建筑提供框景的空间。西班牙国家旅游机构把最终设计归于建筑师纳西索·帕斯夸尔·伊·科洛梅尔，并将广场开放时间记为一八四四年。花园与雕塑本身就是观看对象，不必全部退成一张标注王宫照片的背景。预览允许时，可以比较低处种植的组织方式与骑马纪念像向上突出的效果，思考前景如何把一大片建筑视野分成几个阅读阶段。广场设计的年代并不能证明后来照片里每一座雕像或每一处园艺布置的年龄。用这个发现放慢观看速度，再进入最后一章，让王宫回到经过安排的城市环境中，而不是悬空的一张立面。这里的独立影像记录自己的拍摄时刻；从座堂到广场、再到王宫的连接是编辑组织，不能拿来确认今天的道路条件或连续通行。",1793840409442]